Repeating actions or routines

Restricted and repetitive behaviorsare actions or interests that you do again and again. This could be always taking the same route to school, arranging objects in a specific way, or repeating certain phrases. Sometimes, a person might get very upset when their routine changes.

This isn’t just a quirk or a “thing.” For some people, this is part of a different way of seeing the world. Repeating actions can be a way to feel calm, cope with anxiety, or feel in control. But sometimes, this need for routine can cause problems when things don’t go as planned.

What is typical?

You, like everyone, have interests, routines, and habits that you enjoy and find comforting. Here’s how these might look at different times:

• When you were younger: You might have loved dinosaurs or space, talking about it a lot, reading about it every day, and knowing all the details.
• In school: You may have found yourself doing the same daily tasks the same way because it made you feel organized and in control.
• Other times: You might have developed a strong interest in a specific topic, leading you to learn a lot about it and share your knowledge with others.

Enjoying a routine is very common. However, over time, it’s expected that you’ll be able to vary your activities more, accept changes in plans, and try new things.

When should I be concerned?

Sometimes, having strong interests or doing certain things over and over can be a problem if they stop you from doing other important activities or talking to friends. If trying to stop these behaviors makes you very upset, frustrated, or anxious, you might need some help.

Here are some signs to watch for:

Restricted interests:

• Narrow interests: Having a few topics or activities you are super interested in, and not wanting to talk about or do anything else.
• Unusual attachments: Getting very attached to unusual objects that you do not want anyone to touch or move.

Insistence on routines:

• Upset by changes: Getting really upset if things do not go exactly as planned or if your routine changes, like a different class schedule.
• Trouble with new things: Having trouble trying new things or going to new places.

Repetitive behaviors:

• Repetitive movements: Repeating movements like flapping your hands, rocking, or spinning objects.
• Arranging and ordering: Feeling like you have to arrange things in a certain order or line things up.

Sensory sensitivity:

• Sensory overload: Being easily bothered by loud noises, bright lights, certain textures, strong smells, or tastes.
• Food sensitivities: Being bothered by certain foods because of how they look, feel, or smell.

Repeating can be a way to calm yourself down, but if it’s becoming something that limits your experiences or isolates you, it’s time to talk to a trusted adult. Recognizing this doesn’t mean there’s something “wrong” with you. It just means your brain works differently, and you can learn ways to deal with the world that feel safer and calmer.

What can I do if I (or a friend) struggle?

It can be hard and frustrating to deal with restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. If you know you struggle with them, here are a few things you can try:

1. Ask a trusted adult for help.Talk to someone you trust, like a parent, family member, or caregiver. They can help you and find more support if needed.
2. Talk to your teacher.Teachers can notice if something is difficult and can make changes in the classroom to help you.
3. Try reducing the causes of your anxiety.If something makes you anxious, think about ways to manage it. For example, if loud noises bother you, you could use noise-reducing headphones.
4. Organize a structured daily program.Follow the same routines every day. If you know a change is coming, ask for help to get ready for it.
5. Reduce annoying sensory stimuli.Avoid noisy or bright places, and wear clothes that feel comfortable. This can help you feel more relaxed and focused.
6. Set small goals to try new things.Pick one new activity or interest to explore each week. This can help you slowly expand your interests without feeling overwhelmed.
7. Use a timer to manage repetitive activities.Set a timer to remind you when it’s time to stop and switch to something else. This can help you balance your time.

Remember that everyone has different ways of dealing with the world. The important thing is to find ways to feel good without hurting yourself or isolating yourself.

What kind of professional support can I seek out?

If your behaviors happen too often, are very strong, and interfere with daily life, you might need help. Consider reaching out to a professional or talking to someone at your school. Early support can make a big difference to your well-being.

If you are concerned, you should discuss these behaviors with a school psychologist, your pediatrician, a general practitioner, or a professional at your nearest Basic Health Unit (UBS). They can listen without judgment and help you find ways to live with more security and less suffering. They are there to help you, not to change who you are.

Public services are also available through the Unified Health System (SUS). You can find support at places like your local Basic Health Unit (UBS)or Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS i).

The most important thing is to know that you are not alone. With support, you can understand yourself better and be welcomed exactly as you are.