Self-injury

Self-injury can be scary, and it’s common for people to avoid talking about it. But talking about self-injury does not make it more likely to happen. Instead, it helps us understand the problem and think about ways to help those who hurt themselves.

Sometimes students face emotions they don’t know how to deal with, such as feeling alone, embarrassed, angry, or hopeless, and may find painful ways to ease their emotional pain.

Self-injury means hurting oneself on purpose to deal with strong emotions like sadness, anger, or anxiety. The most common way people do this is by cutting or scratching their skin with sharp objects like razors, paperclips, or pen caps. Other ways include burning, hitting, biting, or picking at the skin and wounds. Self-injury is more common in girls than boys and usually starts during the teenage years.

School, as a space for coexistence and education, plays a fundamental role in promoting emotional well-being, early identification of warning signs, and appropriate referral.

Is self-injury typical?

No.

There is no normal way for people to hurt themselves. But to help stop it or deal with it, we need to know more about self-injury.

Some students say they hurt themselves because it distracts them from their emotional pain. Others do it because they feel numb and want to feel something. It’s often kept secret, but for some, it’s a way to ask for help because they cannot talk about their feelings in other ways. When a student shares this behavior, it can be their way of showing they need help.

Self-injury is a maladaptive coping tool, meaning it’s not a good way to deal with problems, but it might bring temporary relief. Sadly, this relief can make students keep doing it to feel better or to express their painful feelings. The longer a student self-injures, the harder it is to stop. Many students feel ashamed and want to stop but find it hard without help. Early intervention and support are crucial.

When should I be concerned about a student’s self-injury?

Teachers and caregivers should get help if they know a student is hurting themselves. It’s not always easy to tell, so watch for these signs:

• Talking about self-injury
• Scars on arms, legs, or belly
• Wounds that do not heal or get worse
• Cuts in the same places
• Collecting sharp tools
• Wearing long sleeves in warm weather
• Avoiding social events
• Wearing lots of bandages
• Not wanting to change clothes in front of others
• Avoiding wearing swimwear
• Looking at self-injury websites or social media
• Having friends who self-injure

Self-injury often starts after a specific event, like feeling rejected by friends or being criticized. Sometimes, seeing others hurt themselves can make students copy this behavior. Concern should be heightened if there is a history of violence, bullying, discrimination, or other situations that may cause intense emotional distress. It’s important to create a safe and supportive classroom environment where students feel comfortable seeking help.

What can I do to help a student with self-injury?

If a student talks about self-injury, teachers should listen and offer a safe space to talk. Do not judge or punish them, as this can make things worse. If you think a student is hiding these behaviors, do not get angry. Instead, let them know you care and want to help.

1. Listen and offer support: Provide a safe and non-judgmental space for the student to talk about their feelings and experiences.
2. Avoid punishment or criticism: Negative reactions can worsen the situation and make the student less likely to seek help.
3. Inform caregivers: Contact the student’s caregivers to share your concerns and ensure they are aware of the situation.
4. Collaborate with school support staff: Consult with the school counselor, psychologist, social worker, or nurse for guidance and resources.
5. Promote positive coping skills: Encourage healthy ways to manage emotions, such as talking to trusted adults, engaging in relaxing activities, or expressing feelings through creative outlets.

Educators should not try to “fix” a student’s self-injury on their own and should seek help if there is immediate danger.

What kind of professional support can I seek out?

When addressing self-harm, professional support must be coordinated with the school to ensure the student is not stigmatized. Start by talking to the family calmly and patiently, explaining your observations.

You can suggest they speak with the student’s pediatricianor family doctor, who can guide them and, if necessary, refer them to a mental health specialist, such as a psychologistor psychiatrist.

You can also inform families about free support available through the Unified Health System (SUS). Care often begins at the nearest Basic Health Unit (UBS), which can refer them to specialized services. These may include Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS i), Medical and Psychosocial Specialty Centers, and outpatient clinics at university or regional hospitals.

For immediate risk, it is crucial to know the emergency options. Families can call SAMU (192)or go to an emergency care unit (UPA)or hospital emergency room for urgent medical and psychological care.